Everything about Tyana totally explained
» For the genus of nolid moths, see Tyana (moth).
Tyana (or
Tyanna) was an ancient city of
Anatolia, in modern south-central
Turkey. It was the capital of a
Hittite kingdom in the 2d millennium B.C., and had a long history as a Greek city state and later a Christian community. Tyana was a queen in Anatolia.
Though now ruined, it's still officially the center of a
Roman Catholic titular
archbishopric in the former
Roman province of
Cappadocia Prima.
History
Tyana is probably the city referred to in
Hittite archives as
Tuwanuwa. In Greek legend the city was first called Thoana, because Thoas, a
Thracian king, was its founder (
Arrian,
Periplus Ponti Euxini, vi); it was in
Cappadocia, at the foot of
Taurus Mountains and near the Cilician Gates (
Strabo, XII, 537; XIII, 587).
Xenophon mentions it in his book
Anabasis, under the name of
Dana, as a large and prosperous city. The surrounding plain was known after it as
Tyanitis.
It was in a strategic position on the road to
Syria via the
Cilician Gates. It is the reputed birthplace of the celebrated philosopher (and reputed magician)
Apollonius of Tyana in the first century.
Under
Roman Emperor Caracalla the city became
Antoniana colonia Tyana. After having sided with Queen
Zenobia of
Palmyra it was captured by
Aurelian in
272, who wouldn't allow his soldiers to sack it, allegedly because
Apollonius appeared to him, pleading for its safety.
In
371, Emperor
Valens created a second province of Cappadocia, "Cappadocia Secunda", of which Tyana became the
metropolis.
The ruins of Tyana are at modern
Kemerhisar, three miles south of
Niğde (in the former
Ottoman province of Konya); there are remains of a
Roman aqueduct and of cave cemeteries and sepulchral grottoes.
Ecclesiastical history
As noted, in 371 Emperor
Valens created the province of Cappadocia Secunda, of which Tyana became the metropolis. This aroused a violent controversy between
Anthimus, Bishop of Tyana, and St.
Basil of Caesarea, each of whom wished to have as many
suffragan sees as possible. About 640 Tyana had three, and it was the same in the tenth century (
Heinrich Gelzer, "Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiae episcopatum", 538, 554).
Le Quien (
Oriens christianus, I, 395-402) mentions 28 bishops of Tyana, among whom were:
- Eutychius, at Nice in 325
- Anthimus, the rival of St. Basil
- Aetherius, at Constantinople in 381
- Theodore, the friend of St. John Chrysostom
- Eutherius, the partisan of Nestorius, deposed and exiled in 431
- Cyriacus, a Severian Monophysite.
In May, 1359, Tyana still had a metropolitan (Mikelosich and Müller, "Acta patriarchatus Constantinopolitani", I, 505); in 1360 the metropolitan of Caesarea secured the administration of it (op. cit., 537). Thenceforth the see was titular.
Further Information
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